What are the downsides of the contraceptive pill?

The contraceptive pill, often hailed as a revolutionary tool for women's reproductive health, is widely used for preventing pregnancy and managing menstrual-related issues such as pain and heavy bleeding... but are we ever fully informed about the potential side effects? And should GPs be handing out this drug as freely as they do, especially for non-pregnancy related symptoms such as acne? In my opinion, no, not without full disclosure of the risks involved.

Like any medication, it comes with potential drawbacks that warrant careful consideration. Read on to learn about three major concerns associated with the contraceptive pill (and these are not the only ones!).

Blocking Natural Hormones

The primary mechanism of the contraceptive pill involves the introduction of synthetic hormones, typically oestrogen and progestin, which mimic natural hormones in a woman's body. These synthetic hormones work by suppressing ovulation, thereby preventing pregnancy. While effective, this suppression can disrupt the delicate balance of natural hormone cycles. The pill does not regulate your periods, I repeat, it does not regulate your periods. On the surface while on the pill it may look like your periods have regulated, you may experience less or no more pain, and you may have a manageable flow. This is actually not the case – the pill completely suppresses your natural hormones to the point where everything shuts down and any symptoms you are experiencing are masked. The bleed you experience (if you have one), is a ‘pill-bleed’ not a real period, and you will have no idea about the true status of your menstrual health while you are taking it, which can have implications for reproductive health, mood, metabolism, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health.

Natural hormones like oestrogen and progesterone fluctuate in a monthly rhythm, playing crucial roles in various bodily functions beyond reproduction, including mood regulation, bone health, and cardiovascular function. The continuous presence of synthetic hormones can blunt these natural fluctuations, potentially leading to side effects such as mood swings, decreased libido, and irregular bleeding. Moreover, long-term suppression of natural hormone production may have unknown consequences on a woman's endocrine health, particularly if started at a young age and continued over many years.

Nutrient Depletion

Another significant issue with the contraceptive pill is its potential to deplete essential nutrients in the body. Research indicates that women taking the pill may experience lower levels of several vital nutrients, including B vitamins (such as B6, B12, and folate), magnesium, zinc, and selenium.

B vitamins are essential for energy production, brain function, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. A deficiency in these vitamins can lead to symptoms like fatigue, depression, and cognitive difficulties. Magnesium plays a critical role in muscle and nerve function, blood sugar control, and bone health, while zinc is crucial for immune function and wound healing. Selenium is an important antioxidant that protects cells from damage. 

The pill's interference with the absorption and metabolism of these nutrients may stem from increased excretion rates and changes in gut health. Over time, nutrient deficiencies can contribute to a range of health issues, making it important for women on the pill to monitor their nutrient intake and consider supplementation if necessary.

Disrupting the Gut Microbiome

The gut microbiome, a complex community of trillions of microorganisms living in the digestive tract, plays a vital role in maintaining overall health. It aids in digestion, supports the immune system, and influences mood and mental health. Emerging research suggests that the contraceptive pill can negatively affect the gut microbiome.

The synthetic hormones in the pill can alter the composition and diversity of gut bacteria. This disruption can lead to an imbalance, often referred to as dysbiosis, which is associated with a range of health issues, including digestive problems, weakened immunity, and even mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. It can even cause hormone imbalance symptoms because the gut is partly responsible for the metabolism and excretion of hormones such as oestrogen. Furthermore, a disturbed gut microbiome can impair nutrient absorption, exacerbating the issue of nutrient depletion discussed earlier.

Women considering or currently using the pill should have informed discussions with their healthcare providers about these potential risks, and if your health provider isn’t aware of all the potential side effects then find a new and more informed provider! This is your body and your health, you deserve to be as informed as possible.

There are so many ways to correct and reduce symptoms such as painful periods, heavy periods, acne, tender breasts, mood swings and other hormonal issues which don’t involve masking symptoms with the pill. If you need any further information on how you can help to reduce your hormone related symptoms please book your free 20 minute consultation here.